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                <text>Cyclopædia: or, an Universal dictionary of arts and sciences </text>
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                <text>The third edition corrected and amended; with some additions.&#13;
&#13;
see also Item #313 for forcep imagery from an encyclopedia that copied this one.</text>
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                <text>See in the 1741 cylcopaedia a line for "surgery" to see "chirurgery". Under "Chirurgery" it states that it is "popularly called Surgery, the third branch of medicine; consisting in operations performed by the hand, for the cure of wounds, and other disorders. See Medicine."&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
It then falsely states that surgery was the "sole medicine of the first ages" - always opting for the knife.  It follows then in a whole history showing that the Greeks also preferred surgery over all modes of medicine, cultivated by Hippocrates amongst others. &#13;
&#13;
"The more modern authors, who have contributed most to the&#13;
perfection of Chirurgery, are Paraeus, Fab. ab Aquapendente,&#13;
Harvey, Wharton, Glisson, Du Laurence, Diemerbroeck, Vieussens,&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
Then proceeds to describe French surgery (as an English text): "The French Chirurgeons being refused to be admitted into the&#13;
universities, notwithstanding that their art makes a branch of medicine,&#13;
one of the four faculties; on pretence of its bordering a&#13;
little on butchery, or cruelty; associated themselves into a brotherhood,&#13;
under the protection of S. Cosmus, and S. Damian:&#13;
on which account, according to the laws of their institution, they&#13;
are obliged to dress and look to wounds gratis, the first Monday&#13;
of each month. They distinguish between a Chirurgeon of the long robe, and a Barber Chirurgeon: the first has studied physick, and is allowed to wear a gown." &#13;
&#13;
see also keywords Tumor, Breast&#13;
&#13;
"The breasts are much more perfect, more conspicuous, and&#13;
of more use in women than in men: their magnitude is various;&#13;
always biggest in time of gestation and lactation."</text>
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                <text>British Library&#13;
https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/ephraim-chambers-cyclopaedia-1741&#13;
&#13;
and can search terms in&#13;
https://artflsrv04.uchicago.edu/philologic4.7/chambers_new/&#13;
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                <text>Steen, Jan, artist</text>
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