https://european-mastectomy.artinterp.org/files/original/f46bd879b0c988b597d17907d2b38806.jpg ada2d8b6733d17c1f7f20874e14b8161 https://european-mastectomy.artinterp.org/files/original/432fc21176c2c71d103d38e72f92f1a4.jpg fe041a0e745aec99290e9b840a981aa7 Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Henry VIII and the Barber Surgeons Description An account of the resource "Holbein prepared this cartoon for a large-scale work to commemorate the grant of a royal charter to the Company of Barbers and the Guild of Surgeons on their merger in 1540. Presumably at the request of his clients, Holbein based the design on that of the miniatures painted on Tudor charters of privileges. Working from an old sketch, Holbein portrayed King Henry, who did not sit for him on this occasion, more as an icon than as a living person The members of the company, in contrast, were conceived as individuals. On the King’s right side are his two physicians, Dr. John Chambers and Sir William Butts and his apothecary Thomas Alsop. The figures of Sir William Butts and the doctor John Chambers are closely related to portraits of them by Holbein (left), though the overpainting has made this less clear (art historian John Rowlands reproduces an infra-red photograph of the underdrawing). On the King’s left side are his Serjeant-Surgeon, Thomas Vicary (Master 1530, 1541, 1546, 1548, 1557); (in the final version:his surgeons, Sir John Ayliffe (Master 1538), James Monforde (Warden 1540, 1543) and Richard Ferris (Master 1551, 1562) and his barbers, Nicholas Simpson (Master 1537), Edmund Harman (Master 1540), and John Penn (Master 1539). Others portrayed and named are Nicholas Alcock, Christopher Salmon (Master 1552) and William Tilley (Warden 1540, 1546)). Beneath the overpainting and additions (such as the windows) by later hands, this cartoon reveals Holbein's original conception for the final work. The painting itself, however, departs markedly from it in places, for example in the second row of figures on the right and in the background.[2] It was for a long time believed that this version was a copy, but X-rays have revealed that, under the paint, the paper is pricked all over, following the outlines of the composition. This shows that it was used to mark up the original version of the painting. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hans Holbein the Younger Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource c. 1543 Relation A related resource The Royal College of Surgeons, who retained ownership of the painting, bought the cartoon in 1786 from a French art dealer Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource oil on paper mounted on canvas height: 160 cm (62.9 in); width: 280 cm (110.2 in) Abstract A summary of the resource. A historic moment in English surgery. In London prior to 1540, two distinct groups of surgeons who were in fierce competition over the right to practice the craft. The more elite became Guild of Surgeons. the other became the larger Barber's Guild (distinguishing selves from fraters). The latter had 185 members, becoming largest of livery companies in London. Together they became the United Company of Barbers and Surgeons, now barbers associated with elite surgeons and separated from mere shavers and haircutters. For the surgeons, their total numbers increased and had more funding. Henry holds the act of Union here to his own Sergeant surgeon . Problems quickly arose regarding training, status and income. The barbers outnumbered surgeons but contributed the most to organizations coffers. Near end of 17th c surgeons began to petition for a separation granted only in 1745. Over the next half-century great strides made in British surgery which led to a new charter in 1800 - the Royal College of Surgeons. The image here is a cartoon for the work which was purchased by the separate surgeons charter in late 18th century. Prior, an engraving was made of the cartoon in c. 1736 purpose unknown. barbers english henry holbein king portrait surgeons tools